The United States Refugee Act of 1980

When thousands of refugees fled wars in Syria, Iraq, and Africa during 2016, the Obama administration invoked the U.S. Refugee Act of 1980 in declaring that the United States would embrace some of these victims of conflicts and admit them into the country. President Obama had the explicit statutory authority to accept these refugees under the 1980 law. It allows the president to admit foreign nationals who face â€Å"persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion† into the United States. And particularly in times of crisis, to protect U.S. interests, the law gives the president the power to deal with â€Å"unforeseen emergency refugee situation† such as the Syrian refugee crisis. What Changed With the U.S. Refugee Act of 1980? The United States Refugee Act of 1980 was the first major change in U.S. immigration law that attempted to address the realities of modern refugee problems by articulating a national policy and providing mechanisms that are capable of adapting to changing world events and policies. It was a statement of Americas long-standing commitment to remaining what it has always been – a place where the persecuted and oppressed from across the globe can find refuge. The act updated the definition of refugee by relying on descriptions from the United Nations Convention and Protocol on the Status of Refugees. The law also raised the limit on the number of refugees the United States could admit annually from 17,400 to 50,000. It also gave the U.S. attorney general the power to admit additional refugees and grant asylum to them, and expanding the offices powers to use humanitarian paroles. Establishing the Office of Refugee Resettlement What many believe is the most important provision in the act is the establishment of specific procedures on how to deal with refugees, how to resettle them and how to assimilate them into U.S. society. Congress passed the Refugee Act as an amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act that was passed decades before. Under the Refugee Act, a refugee was defined as a person who is outside their country of residence or nationality, or someone who is without any nationality, and is unable or unwilling to return to his or her homeland because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of raise, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or membership in a political group or party. According to the Refugee Act: â€Å"(a) There is established, within the Department of Health and Human Services, an office to be known as the Office of Refugee Resettlement (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the Office). The head of the Office shall be a Director (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the Director), to be appointed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the Secretary). â€Å"(b) The function of the Office and its Director is to fund and administer (directly or through arrangements with other Federal agencies), in consultation with the Secretary of State, and programs of the Federal Government under this chapter.† The Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), according to its website, provides new populations of refugees with the chance to maximize their potential in the United States. â€Å"Our programs provide people in need with critical resources to assist them in becoming integrated members of American society.† The ORR offers a wide spectrum of social programs and initiatives. It provides employment training and English classes, makes health services available, collects data and monitors the use of government funds, and acts as a liaison between service providers in state and local governments. Many refugees who escaped torture and abuse in their homelands benefited greatly from mental health care and family counseling provided by the ORR. Often, the ORR takes the lead in developing programs that harness the resources of federal, state and local government agencies. In 2010, the United States resettled more than 73,000 refugees from more than 20 countries, according to federal records, largely because of the federal Refugee Act.

Negative Impact Of World Bank Structural Adjustment Program

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF WORLD BANK’S STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM (SAP) IN GHANA INTRODUCTION: Writing about the negative impacts of The World Bank Structural Adjustment Program in Ghana, my country of origin is something I can do with my eyes closed, because being an ordinary Ghanaian, born and raised in Ghana, I do not need a research to know what these institutions have done to the developing countries they impose their ill intended programs on. Even the blind can feel hunger, lack of access to good health care, high tariffs on basic utilities such as electricity and water which is as a result of privatization. This paper is going to highlight on the negative impacts of the World Bank’s sponsored Structural Adjustment Program implemented by the government of Ghana from 1982 to 2008. 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Reasons Behind Failure of Hyderabad Metro Rail Project

Question: Discuss about theReasons Behind Failure of Hyderabad Metro Rail Project. Answer: Detailed statement of the problem The report will discuss in detail about the Hyderabad project of metro rail. The project is constantly failing to meet the deadline. The government and LT are thinking for an extension to the project. The extension in deadline is actually in addition with so many issues which are yet to be solved like Metro rail and associated alignment with Old City as well as escalation of the cost (Ramachandran, 2011). The government of the state has initiated consultation with Metro Rail association namely Hyderabad Metro Rail as well as Larsen Toubro (LT) on the fact that the extension of the deadline must be for a year or maximum two. The developer of the project has also asked for the government in term of extending of schedule and it is important to consider it properly. It further will be discussed in detail in metro rail work forces the meeting in sometime and CM is also contemplating on taking the final decision. In addition, the government should have no issue in providing an extension a s far as it does not results in any kind of financial burden on them along with prolong concession period (Ramachandran, 2011). Research aim and objectives The aim of research is to understand the issues and reasons behind the failure of the Metro Rail project in Hyderabad. From the look at the current status of the work in Hyderabad, it seems the work is at different stages of completion and the work is being done in different part of the town. The work of construction for the Metro has come to highlight it is slowly becoming a nightmare for the people of the city because of infrastructure issues at various stages of the city (Rai, 2012). There are number of arterial route in the city in the current time with so many diversions as well as bottlenecks creating havoc for the traffic of the city. There are so many times when there are traffic issues in the rush hours. The official are also claiming that there are more than sixty seven percent of the current work was finished and the deadline has now set by the end of 2018. Research questions When will the Hyderabad metro rail project start? What are the main reasons behind failure of the project? Will LT able to complete by extended time? Will the project complete at least in extended budget? Can government assure people about their business? Is the project failure due to government or company? Do governments need to implement any rules for project completion? Justification and potential output of the research project The project initiated with first bidding process for it actually took place in the year 2008 and was rewarded to Maytas. But the present government by the state got completely cancelled the present deal after the company called as Mayatas Infra Ltd. which also led to failed consortium in order to raise right finances for the projects. In the year 2010, there must be fresh bid were termed and LT got the project (Sharma et al, 2010). The agreement based on concession with the government then united with the state, for which it was touted to be one of the biggest project in metro worldwide in this private and public partnership which was signed in the 2010 however the work started in 2012. When the current project was started, the organization was claimed that it can be finished in three period of time. At the same time, the successive government of the state has operated into a number of roadblocks. As per the report published in the year 2013, the busy corridor that actually headed towards the city Hyderabad and the acquisition of land in the present Ameerpet stretch and in the current corridor which passes through the old city of Hyderabad that can also touch the busy junction of the market of a place called Sultan Bazar and have also created a lot of trouble (Sharma et al, 2010). The traders in the local area were completely against the project and in addition, there were some structure also in the way which w as hurting religious sentiments of certain religious group like Iskon temple (Bon, 2015). The project of metro rail was also fighting constantly a legal battle with the oldest church in the Secunderabad. In the year 2014, the present project was facing so many issues from the government o f Telangana with the people demanding the issue like realignment of the present metro structure covering two out of the three corridors in order to save the religious structure. The conflict further escalated that the company LT faced a lot of threat in order to pull out the project. Therefore, the move also had an undertone which was political by nature since the TRS government had a conversation with the AIMIM during this time (Bon, 2015). In this time period, government official also claimed which should realign when there is escalation the project which cost a lot of money. With 2 years of conversation, the government of Telangana determined to go for the original or decided alignment. As per the number of reports, the main issues were that the government may to look for an environment cleaning in order to take up the work of Metro. In 2015, the traders at the local market Sultan Bazar in the ci ty have protested and further claimed where the Metro construction that should be deprived the local people from hundreds of jobs. Right after the face-off which lasted for close to 3 months, both the parties with a deal with the project promised that a present stretch should be progressed when a hawker paradise with specific kind of arrangement for people that exist between the viaduct of Metro (Sridhar, 2012). In the present time, number of reports also suggested that there are almost more than two hundred court cases that are still pending against the Metro Rail project of the city. At the same time, officials also claimed where work is gathered in pace with seventy one km which was elevated project of metro rail which claimed to be operational by 2018. In fact, there were seventeen stations have been finished on two areas when the work in progress with three stations which can be interchangeable along with 30 stations. The work is in its critical stage and in the part of the city which was denser that people thought that there is slowdown in the city. However, a big part of the work has already started specifically at higher planes and in number of developing stations with interconnects as well over-bridges (Sridhar, 2012). There are number of questions that are also raised towards the finishing line of the Nagole as well as Mettuguda and many other stretches which were certified sometim e ago and are ready for usage. One of the biggest challenges for contention that exist between the government of the state and LT are paying for the delay. The cost of the project is increasing with every passing day almost by Rs.4000 crore from the starting estimates and the company is looking at the government looking for the compensation in terms of monetary value when the state is not very keen on the present demand. Conceptual framework The ministry of the urban development is functioning on easier operations and with fast execution of the present Metro Projects. The metro projects are part of the plan for many developed cities in the country the expert of transport says it is not a viable point for small towns which are populated in sparse manner. There is a possibility that number of Tier 2 cities could increase the present public system of transport like business and local trains and many others. There are number of delays as well as escalations as well where cost is common concern of many projects in Metro (Suzuki et al, 2015). The centre has been kept on other side over a huge amount of money for number of metro Projects in the budget of 2017-18 which was in fact fourteen percent above than last year since the work is moving at a slow speed. There are land issues as well like land acquisitions and related laws that have created some complications. There is no choice but to accept the delays which are caused because of resolution. Experts also claim that the opinion that constant transformation in the top level management at corporation related to Metro are also an important concern. The construction of Delhi metro was successfully finished since there were two people who have posted as MD between the time of 2002 and 2017. In fact the management of the metro in Hyderabad has seen constantly delaying for last 5 years. In addition, the bureaucrats also posted as MD that do no t clear with the present network of metro (Suzuki et al, 2015). The present seventy one km of elevated road in Hyderabad Metro also faced many obstacles which also consist of delays in safety of the railway clearance for almost eighteen km Nagole to Mettuguda part and with alignment of track issues in the old part of city. The metro construction was supposed to be ready by 2017 and the current deadline is extended by the end of 2018 for completing of all the current three segments (Sharma et al, 2014). There are number of doubts and queries which remained unanswered all the time and however it is important to understand here that a better planning with detailed discussion about the project which can decrease the commuting issues in the city. The management of the traffic at the time of construction period has been a bad shape. Even the people on two wheelers struggle to commute in the city, so it is challenging to even imagine the issues of pedestrians. Methodology The report will conduct the Quantitative research which consists of the collection as well as analysis of data that can easily be quantifiable. In other words, data must be quantified which means it should be counted in mathematical language. In addition, quantitative research also provides as a means for the authors to be able to create statistics with the data can be collected. The basic idea for this kind of research is to get data that be properly inferred for the large number of people (Sharma et al, 2014). For instance, if the researches to understand the difference that exist between the neighboring states in term of behavior towards the government of state and design in quantitative research that will provide comparison along with statistics to show the basic difference between the states. There are so many methods of quantitative research in the field of sociology and following is the detailed discussion of the methods: - Surveys: this is considered as one of the most popular methods for the quantitative researches used for surveys so that data can be collected. Surveys can also be utilized in many distinct ways which also include asking people to finish the survey because of busy retail stores, sending surveys and conducting surveys at local agencies. Despite the fact that it can be distributed, the outcome is based on survey which is given to large number of individuals (Sharma et al, 2014). One of the drawbacks by utilizing surveys in order to collect information is that all the people will finish it and send it back to people. At the same time, the advantages are that one can collect a lot of information in a short period of time. Following are some of the examples of surveys: - Generating a ten question survey aiming on satisfying of the provided service by the agency. Generating or developing a questionnaire that look for information associated to varied political preference. Generation of short survey as a part of different session for the domestic social service providers. Post or Pre designs: there are many kinds of quantitative research that consist of the usage of post and pre designs. The concept of these designs will be utilized when one want to look for information for the initiation of any kind of sociological intervention or interference. In this kind of design, a survey will be provided with a survey in the form of questionnaire for a group of people and also participate in something like a treatment based group or a function. In addition, people will have to participate in some form and the basic idea here is to properly compare the questionnaires to decide the level of intervention that has influenced the current situation (Sreenivas, 2011). For example, it is important to create a simple kind of survey which usually asks about the consumption of alcohol and routine functions. After that, people at the time of completion of the survey will be the part of the treatment program almost for twelve weeks. In the end, it also important to provide the same survey right before the treatment and also compare the level of improvement in the consumption of alcohol with routine operations. Data which is pre-existing: there are times that it is advantageous to utilize pre-existing information which can also be referred as secondary data in order to inform in a query or research based question. All the pre-existing data also includes data from National Census Bureau and other similar organizations that can be from a study that has been finished where people may want to expand or also collect additional data. As per the popular studies quantitative research which utilizes the data pre-existing information. This data is often performed in the state as well as federal welfare of the child based program where the current database also saves many kinds of statistics (Sreenivas, 2011). Usage of all the pre-existing data is normally a rapid methods but the drawback is that one do not have any kind of control over how the information must be collected with right kind of questions. For instance, many sociologists also have some kind of interest in getting information of human beh avior with so many childhood issues or by utilizing the pre-existing information that should be accessed by the social organizations like Autism Spectrum Disorders. The website of such organization usually gets the affiliation with NIH. NIH is actually funded from federal program by conducting the research is about every discussion which can be imagined. They also provide the information which is directly downloaded in the present statistics program in order to use and evaluate it properly (Sreenivas, 2011). Pilot studies: this is one of another method of quantitative research which also includes a study in a pilot form. Here, number of authors and researchers who are usually interested in testing and learning about different phenomenon. This is why; researchers are show interest in developing a new kind of interference and also study problems that have been completely studied before. In this case, one will have to use the study based on pilot sample. Most often, these surveys are utilized as per pilot studies in a manner to decide the impact of interference. Generally, pilot based studies aims on adding the depth as well as breadth of the topic which is yet to be explored in the right manner (Agarwal Chauhan, 2011). Gantt chart The report will discuss about different stages of the development in the program along with estimated budget and schedules. For this the report will use Gantt chart which is commonly utilized in the project management which is one of the commonly used and popular way expressing activities which can be displayed against time (Ahluwalia Mohanty, 2014). At the left of the chart is a list of functions and in addition with the top is right kind of time scale. Every activity is shown by the bar with the position and the length of the bar showing the start date along with the duration in addition with the end date as well. This will also allow you to see the glance in the proper manner: What are the various functions? When every activity will start and finishes? Amount of every activity is actually scheduled with last activity When activities are able to overlap with other function The inception and the end date of the complete project In the present time, Gantt charts are very important for the project since it helps in tracking the projects details and schedules. This is also very useful since it is able to show some added data about many function or stages of the project. For instance, how the task must be related to one another and how far every task and has further seen progress where resources are utilized for every task (Ahluwalia Mohanty, 2014). The Gantt charts initially use to prepare in laborious manner and every time a project has transformed since it was important to change the chart and this restricted it usefulness with continuous change being a characteristics of most of the projects. In the present time, with technology advancement and advent of computer Gantt chart must be updates and printed in easier manner. Reference Agarwal, O., Chauhan, I. (2011). Toward coordinated urban transport planning in India.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2239), 112-116. Ahluwalia, I., Mohanty, P. K. (2014). Planning and markets for urban development in India.Urbanization in India: Challenges, opportunities and the way forward, 56-81. Bon, B. (2015). A new megaproject model and a new funding model. Travelling concepts and local adaptations around the Delhi metro.Habitat International,45, 223-230. Rai, P. T. (2012). Townships for sustainable cities.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,37, 417-426. Ramachandran, M. (2011).Metro rail projects in India: a study in project planning. Oxford University Press. Sharma, N., Gangopadhyay, S., Dhyani, R. (2010). Methodology for estimation of CO2 reduction from mass rapid transitsystem (MRTS) projects. Sharma, N., Singh, A., Dhyani, R., Gaur, S. (2014). Emission reduction from MRTS projectsa case study of Delhi metro.Atmospheric Pollution Research,5(4), 721-728. Sreenivas, A. (2011). Urban transport planning: Lessons from the proposed Pune metro rail.Economic and Political Weekly, 27-32. Sridhar, V. (2012). Automated system design for metro train.International Journal of Computer Science Engineering (IJCSE). Suzuki, H., Murakami, J., Hong, Y. H., Tamayose, B. (2015).Financing transit-oriented development with land values: Adapting land value capture in developing countries. World Bank Publications.

Analysis of Computer Organisation and Architecture

Questions: Answer the following questions: 1. How many 256*8 RAM chips are needed to provide a memory capacity of 4096 bytes? (a) How many bits will each address contain? (b) How many lines must go to each chip? (c) How many lines must be decoded for the chip select inputs? Specify the size of the decoder. 2. Write a program to evaluate the arithmetic statement x = (a( b + c ) d - e) using a stack organized computer with zero-address instructions (so only pop and push can access memory). 3. Consider a byte-addressable computer with 16-bit addresses, a cache capable of storing a total of 2K bytes of data, and blocks of 8 bytes. Show the format (include field names and sizes) of a 16-bit memory address for: (a) direct mapped (b) fully associative (c) 4-way set associative (d) Where (which block or set) in cache would the memory address BAD016be mapped for each of three mapping techniques above? You can specify the answer in decimal if you wish. 4. More registers appears to be a good thing, in terms of reducing the total number of memory accesses a program might require. Using the arithmetic expression S = (A+B)-(C+D), support this statement. [Hints: First, determine the number of memory accesses necessary using MARIE and the two registers for holding memory data values (AC and MBR). Then perform the same arithmetic computation for a processor that has more than three registers (for example, R1, R2, R3, R4) to hold memory data values]. 5. Suppose a process page table contains the entries shown below. Using the format shown in Table, indicate where the process pages are located in memory. Page Frame Valid Bit 0 -- 0 1 3 1 2 -- 0 3 -- 0 4 2 1 5 0 1 6 -- 0 7 1 1 6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic linking. 7. Suppose a disk drive has the following characteristics: 6 surfaces 953 tracks per surface 256 sectors per track 512 bytes/sector Tract-to-track seek time of 6.5 milliseconds Rotational speed of 5,400 RPM. (a) What is the capacity of the drive? (b) What is the access time? 8. Suppose you have the instruction Add 800. The memory contents are given below, and the contents of AC and the base register are 200 and 100 respectively. Memory address value 800 900 900 1000 1000 500 1100 600 1200 800 1300 250 What would be loaded into the AC if the addressing mode for the operand is: (a) immediate (b) direct (c)indirect (d)indexed Answers: 1Total memory capacity is 4096 bytes, each chip capacity is 256*8 bytes, so 2 chips are required to address 4096 bytes of memory. (a) 12 (4096 bytes can addressed using 212-1, so 12 bites are required) (b) 11 (Total address line number lines used to select chips) (c) 1, 1x2( 1 input line which is decoded into two select lines) 2.push a push x push b push + push c pop c pop b add b,c push b pop b pop a mul a,b push a push x push d pop d pop a mul a,d push a push - push e pop e pop a sub a,e 3. Capacity of Cache is 2k bytes and each block is 8 bytes, so number of cache blocks are 256. So represent 256 cache blocks 8 bytes are required.3 bits are used to represent the 8 bytes in each block (a)In direct method each memory block mapped to particular cache line, so it is inexpensive but lot of thrashing will happen if more number memory blocks compare to number of cache lines. 8 bits cache line, 3 bits for data in block, total 11 bits and rest of the 5 bits used for tag to identify the block. Tag (5) 8bits (cache block) 3 bits (block data) (b)In full associative, any block can go into any line of the cache. This means that the word id bits are used to identify which word in the block is needed, but the tag becomes all of the remaining bits Tag (13) 3 bits (block data) (c)It is like direct mapping only but difference is one memory block can go into 4 cache lines, can occupy any free line among these 4 lines, like this every memory block mapped to 4 cache lines.Now instead of line identifier, use bits for the set identifier. So 8 bits will become 6 bits because 256 cache line are grouped into 64 sets as it is 4 way set associative. Tag (7) 6bits (Cache sets) 3 bits(block data) (d)BAD0 == 1011 1010 1101 0000 Direct mapping: 720 Full Associative: 8,16, ...etc 4-way set associative: 832, 840,848,856 4. With AC and MBR Load A Add B Store A Load C Add D Store C Load A Sub C Memory references: 8 With R1, R2, R3, R4 registers Mov R1, A Mov R2, B Mov R3, C Mov R4, D Add R1,R2 Add R3,R4 sub R1,R3 Memory references: 4 Which is almost half. 5. Page 1 is located in the frame 3 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM Page 4 is located in the frame 2 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM age 5 is located in the frame 0 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM Page 7 is located in the frame 7 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM 6. Advantages: 1. Attaching the libraries dynamically to the executable, it needs less space on disk the executable to store. 2. Many executables can shares the same library dynamically 3. Any modifications to library does not demand the executable to recompile. Disadvantages: 1.Entire library has to be loaded if one function referenced from executable 7. (a)Total capacity = 6 * 953 * 256 * 512 = 749469696 bytes (b) Access time = tract-to-track seek time + seek time to reach sector = 6.5ms + (0.5*60*1000)/5400 ms = 6.5 + 5.5ms = 12ms 8. (a) Add 800, here it is Value, so AC value will become 200 + 800 = 1000 (b) Add 800, Here it is Address, so AC value will become 200 + 900 = 1100 (c) Add 800, Here it is Indirect address, so AC value will become 200 + Value at (Value at(800)) 200 + Value at ( 900) 200 + 1000 = 1200 (d) Add 800, Here it is value at (Base+800) AC value will become 200 + Value at(100 + 800) = 200 + 1000 = 1200.

Third World Countries Essays - October Crisis, Pierre Trudeau

Third World Countries What are some of the major problems faced by "Third World" Countries today? Who should be held responsible for these problems? Why? What has Canada done to help "Third World Countries"? There has always been a dominant country in the world that sets the economic standard throughout powerful countries. Canada has always been a top rated economic country, usually behind the United States and other large Commonwealth countries. Starting back in the early to mid 60's, Prime Minister of Canada, Pierre Trudeau decided to use Canadian revenue as foreign aid. These included "Third World". Some of the major problems faced by "Third World" countries today include poor towns which have had a lack of food sources due to the serious poverty, lack of clean drinking water, lack of good sanitation systems, lack of good living conditions, lack of jobs and there is no industry, therefore no import or export revenue. The governments of the "Third World" countries have done horrible jobs of creating go od living conditions for their people and in all have not tried to bring their country out of their economic slump. As Canada entered it second century, Prime Minister Trudeau called for a complete review of Canada's foreign policy. Starting in 1968 interested Canadians including politicians, journalists, professors, business leaders, financial experts, as well as church and labour leaders were invited to offer opinions and advice in what was called the Trudeau Review. The ending of this meeting brought about six foreign policy booklets which outlined the benefits of Canadian foreign aid. Some of these benefits included to help the Canadian economy grow stronger, to keep Canada independent, to work for peace and security, to promote fairness and equality for everyone and to improve living conditions for all people throughout the world. The Canadian foreign policy review suggested that Canada strengthened it's ties with Latin America. Trudeau visited Mexico, Cuba and Venezuela in 197 6. Canada's trade with Latin America increased from $1099 million in 1970 to $3418 million in 1976. Also Canada gave an increasing amount of development funds to a number of Latin American countries. Canada, in 1973 had a major concern about the middle east and made an effort to bring about a lasting peace to the Arab-Israeli conflict. 1050 Canadian military specialists became part of the United Nations emergency force where they tried to maintain a cease fire by providing supplies, transportation and communication during the 1973 peacekeeping role. The Trudeau foreign policy review recommended that Canada was to work hard to support the United Nations and make it an effective organization for international co-operation. Canada contributed heavily, and still does so, to all the U.N organizations that are striving to help poor nations and are working toward the disarmament of nuclear weapons and human rights. Canada contributed the ninth largest share of the regular annual budget to the United Nations. Another issue that faced Canada was the fact that China's membership in the United Nations brought Canada into conflict with some other U.N members, especially the United States. Since 1966 Canada had said that it was becoming increasingly more important that China be represented at the U.N. At the time, the U.N only recognized the former government of China which was established on the island of Taiwan. The Canadian government prides itself on sending foreign aid to developing countries. In the 1970's there was an estimated 4.2 billion people on the earth, more then 2.5 billion of them were starving. It was also estimated that by the year 2000 the starving population could double. Canada tried very hard to provide these needy "Third World" countries with the best possible aid. Without the help of Canada as well as other "First World" countries such as the United States and Australia the "Third World" countries would not be around for this long and would have absolutely no hope of survival.

Marketing Plan for Chain of Pro Shops Located Within Ice Arenas

Marketing Plan for Chain of Pro Shops Located Within Ice Arenas Executive Summary Pro shops are businesses involved with selling sporting equipments that are required in the sporting facility. The chain of pro shops is situated in an Ice Arena and offers a wide range of hockey equipments as well as bags, apparels and coaching products among others. The chain has a single supplier and for this reason, the products are similar and range within the same price.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Marketing Plan for Chain of Pro Shops Located Within Ice Arenas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These shops are dedicated to ensure that the players, coaches, fans and other interested shoppers get the greatest services and high quality goods. One of the main aims of the company is to increase the awareness among the customers of the available services and products as well as develop trust and loyalty for the growth of the shops. Increase in promotional tools will be used as a marketin g strategy, as well applying proper inventory management techniques. Market Overview The current market status of the pro shops is determined by the players and the individuals who visit the arenas. While the customers have been mainly the fans and the teams using the arenas, there is a need to increase the scope to reach even those who watch the game at home. The new strategy is meant to include online customers, who would access the shops’ products and purchase online. While there is a problem with congestion of shops in one arena, the strategy is to start specializing in certain products in order to avoid competition. Teams’ Model The arenas are used by both schools and professional teams. The amount of customers is therefore at a constant flow as a result of large number of tournaments. While the neighborhood has some other arenas, the specific arena within which these pro shops are located is one of the biggest. There is therefore a better chance of increased cust omers’ inflow as compared to the other ice arenas. With these considerations, the target customers are those attending the matches as well as those from the neighboring arenas, who should be encouraged by the new marketing strategy.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Target Market Growth The popularity of ice hockey has been increasing significantly. According to the TalkOn (2008) guide, Ice hockey is increasingly gaining popularity and for this reason, there is potential for increased customers in not only the United States, but also the rest of the world. With effective online marketing strategies, the shops will have the potential to increase their products awareness to potential customers and hence increase the sales of the sporting equipments and associated products. Marketing Objectives One of the major objectives of the pro shops is increasing the awareness of their products to not only the local customers but also international fans. Increase the seasonal revenues to over $ 1 million collectively. SWOT Analysis Strengths One of the strengths of the pro shops is that the arena is state-of-art and hence encourages more fans than most other arenas. There is therefore a chance of increased demand of the products in the pro shops. The pro shops retail in many products and they combine a variety of products from different teams. This allows the fans an opportunity to get the specific products that they require. Weaknesses One of the major weaknesses with the company is the concentration of many pro shops within one arena. This creates unnecessary competition and affects the returns generated. Opportunities The increasing use of online marketing and financial transactions will allow for increased and expanded sales to not only the local-based customers but also the international ones. Threats The increasing popularity in other games like basketball and soccer may lead to reduced interest in Ice hockey and hence lead to reduced demand for ice hockey products. Pricing Strategy Some of the products in the pro shops are considered to be overpriced. The shops will try to adjust the prices by considering various cheaper sources and this will require the diversification of supply chains.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Marketing Plan for Chain of Pro Shops Located Within Ice Arenas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, to avoid price competition, the pro shops will develop a strategy that will have the different shops engage in different products to avoid unnecessary competition. This will allow for the comparison with other competitor prices in different arenas in the region (Mondschein, 2009). Through appropriate and timely promotions, the pro shops will ensure that the customers are given a chance to purchase at reduced pric es (Smith, Smith, 2011). Some services will be introduced that will be meant to save the customers’ spending, while still contributing to the shops’ returns. One of such will be skates’ repair and sharpening in order to tap those individuals who would not afford new pairs of skates. Through this strategy, the shops will create another way of increasing the customers without compromising on the shops’ returns. Marketing Communications Plan To increase the customers’ awareness of the available products in the pro shops, it will be essential that proper communication strategies be implemented (Masterman, Wood, 2006). One of the strategies that the shops will adopt is the use of brochures and leaflets during tournaments. This will ensure that the customers will spread the information about the shops’ products as they leave the arena after matches. In addition, the shops will develop personal links that will help the interested customers to gai n access to their sites for information about the available products and the prices (Meyerson, 2005). The creation of online databases will also occur in line with the development of online payment options that will save the customers the hustles of making physical contacts with the company. Advertisement will also be made through print and electronic media in order to ensure that the public knows about the products. The internet for example will be great since it is expected to reach a large number of potential customers (Masterman, Wood, 2006). Sales and Marketing Channel Plan The products would need to be introduced to the potential customers through effective sales and marketing channels. This would ensure that rather than knowing of the existence of the products, the customers will be persuaded through appropriate means to purchase the products. One of the important aspects within this strategy is the workforce (Mathur, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the chain has three sales persons in each shop, it will be important to increase the number of sales persons to five, especially during tournaments. This will ensure that there will be broader coverage and hence increased sales. The sales teams will also be positioned in the online channels in order to communicate directly with the customers and offer help and ideas about the available products (Meyerson, Scarborough, 2007). The shops will set sales goals in terms of distributed brochures and leaflets per individual match. This will proceed to be cumulatively reflected at the end of fiscal period, which should also coincide with playing season. In each match, the sales persons will strive to distribute around 5, 000 brochures in each game. This will make it easier for the awareness campaign to speedily get integrated into the interests of potential customers. In addition to the brochures’ distribution, the sales team will strive to increase the number of promotions to one per week throughout the ice hockey season. Product demonstration will also be started. The management will start demonstration initiatives by looking out for pro skaters to demonstrate the use and application of some of the products like skates and goalie sticks. In addition, the management will find opportunities to demonstrate the effectiveness of some coaching equipments in order to encourage not only the players and fans, but also the coaches. While the communications plan is effective enough to increase the number of customers, it will be important to maintain proper records for the sake of customers’ trust. In addition, the inventory will ensure that the management knows of the available products and those that need to be added. This will prevent customers from making orders that are out of stock. One of the most effective ways of managing the inventory is by use of bar codes and radio frequency Identification (McCraven, 2011). These types of technologies count the products as they are purchased and sold to customers. It therefore makes it easier for the marketers to know the products that are on the shelf, how many they are, and the ones already sold. The radio frequency identifiers may be incorporated into the database of available products to evaluate the rate of purchases and hence estimate the demand and supply. These tools will help in reducing chances of mismanagement and missing records since they can affect a lot the credibility of the shops. Since the shops will contemplate on diversifying the supplier chain in order to avoid monopolistic dependence that would affect the pricing strategy, keeping record of the purchases would be a must. The inventories will thus help in restructuring the marketing strategies hitherto applied by the pro shops. References Masterman, G., Wood, E. H. (2006). Innovative marketing communications: strategies for the events industry. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Mathur, P. (2006). Sales And Market ing Management. New Delhi: Ishar Books. McCraven, S. (2011). Inventory Control Comes of Age. Retrieved from https://precast.org/2011/04/inventory-control-comes-of-age/ Meyerson, M. (2005). Success secrets of the online marketing superstars. Chicago, IL: Kaplan Publishing. Meyerson, M. E., Scarborough, E. (2007). Mastering Online Marketing. Upper Saddle, NJ: Entrepreneur Press. Mondschein, K. (2009). Advertising, Sales, and Marketing. New York: Infobase Publishing. Smith, T. J., Smith, T. (2011). Pricing Strategy: Setting Price Levels, Managing Price Discounts, Establishing Price Structures. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. TalkOn. (2008). An Introduction to Ice Hockey. Web.

Drug Dose and Its Concentration at Receptors Essay - 1

Drug Dose and Its Concentration at Receptors - Essay Example These factors are discussed in more detail below, based on the description of Goodman, et al. (2011, ch. 2). The characteristics of the drug molecule itself that affect the drug’s concentration at the receptor site include its molecular size, degree of ionization, lipid solubility, and its affinity for serum and tissue proteins. The plasma membrane (of skin or intestinal cells, for example) is a common barrier to drug distribution; drugs that are not lipid soluble will not be able to permeate the membrane and not reach the target site. A drug of small molecular size will travel more easily through the membranes than a larger molecule, reaching the target in higher concentrations. Ionized molecules, and those that bind to proteins, also have difficulties in passing through the membrane. If the drug has a tendency to ionize at the pH of the intestinal lumen or the blood, the ionized form will have difficulty passing through lipid plasma membranes. If the drug interacts with tran sporter proteins on the cell membrane, its uptake into the cell may be increased or decreased, depending on the direction in which the transporter moves the drug. For example, the P-glycoprotein in enterocytes limits the oral absorption of some cancer chemotherapeutic agents by exporting them back into the lumen of the GI tract. Similarly, it has been found that multidrug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (PGP) and members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family are over-expressed in capillary endothelial cells in epileptogenic brain tissue, and, by transporting anti-epileptic drugs out, these proteins may be responsible for the pharmacoresistance of the epileptic brain to anti-epileptic drugs (LÃ ¶scher and Potschka, 2002).

Corporate Valuation and Strategy ASSIGNMENT 3 VALUATION OF H. J. HEINZ

Corporate Valuation and Strategy 3 VALUATION OF H. J. HEINZ COMPANY AS OF APRIL 29, 2012 - Assignment Example The company’s products are manufactured and packaged in line with the required customer standards to provide safe and wholesome foods to the consumers. Numerous products are prepared from the company’s developed recipes (ANNUAL REPORT, 7) The process of food preparation includes a clear-cut selection of ingredients and prompts inspection it is imperative to note that the products are prepared through numerous ways, which include sterilization, fermentation, blending, homogenization, pasteurization, freezing, chilling drying and labeling. More over, the quality assurance processes are premeditated for each product and applied for quality and compliance with applicable laws. A wide range of raw materials is considered for production of the food products of this company. During the fiscal year 2012, the company is reported to have invested in productivity initiatives intended to increase manufacturing efficiency and effectiveness. This is intended for immense acceleration of the general productivity on the international scale (ANNUAL REPORT, 6). Some of the initiatives included the closure of numerous factories across the globe and decrease in the global labor force. The products of the company are sold through own sales organizations and independent agents or distributors which include retailers, manufacturers, bakeries, mass merchants and food service distributors, restraints and hotels. The intensive compliance of the company with the national, state and may be local government provisions has not caused significant effects on the budget, particularly on the capital expenditures, earnings or cutthroat position of the company. It is fundamental to note that, the company’s estimates on capital expenditures for the milieu control facilities for the remaining part of 2013 and the succeeding fiscal year are not material and no expectations has been hinted to affect the earnings in a material way (ANNUAL REPORT, 9). The Company maintains a regular trend of

American and Finnish Work Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American and Finnish Work Teams - Essay Example Working together calls for the team members to understand their role and cultivate trustworthiness for the benefit of the group. There are emotional difficulties, which helps the team members to build trust and work closely with both American and Finnish teams. Teamwork is demonstrated by hard work and effort put by each in the team to ensure that they achieve the team's goal. A divided team cannot meet their target in this competing world where everyone struggles to produce the quality product to remain relevant. Whether the work teams involves employees in corporations, students in learning institutions or members of clubs and societies teamwork must be a very important thing for success. The differences include the Finland teams have a very positive attitude towards what they do and participate in especially Sauna. It is interesting to find even small apartment fixed with little Saunas demonstrating their importance in the Finish culture and was not for business purposes. American teams engage in matters relating to business including the football teams, whose players are heavily rewarded unlike Sauna, which is meant for the very scenario. American work teams focus on the individualism especially in situations where individual members in football teams are praised. Losing teams in America are normally forgotten I they do nothing to improve performance and other lose their members. Recognition is common for team members of the winning teams and become famous for their work even in big corporations.

Byron When We Two Parted Poem Analysis English Literature Essay

Byron When We Two Parted Poem Analysis English Literature Essay I should note that this poem is often read as meaning that a prior secret lover has made a public fool of him- or herself, and is now being gossiped about in society. Friends discuss it openly in front of the speaker, not knowing of his past relationship, and it reopens all the wounds of the original separation. I should also note that I read this poem slightly differently, based on all the verbal cues that have to do with death, as meaning that the ex-lover is now dead, and is nevertheless the object of societys ridicule as a result of a misspent life, and that the far-distant future meeting is in the afterlife. Its supportable on the face of the poem, but isnt, I believe, the traditional take on it. And thats the beauty of poems- they are subject to individual interpretation. STRUCTURE The poem is divided in four stanzas and each one in eight verses. The rhyme used by Byron follows this structure: abab cdcd efef ghgh ijij klkl mnmn kbkb. Separating each stanza in four verses, we have the rhyme more clear, each even verse and each odd verse rhyme with its equivalent even or odd verse. This structure gives to the poem a lot of rythm, giving the sensation of musicality. RHETORICAL FIGURES In this poem it is too difficult to find rhetorical figures, due to the most important of all the poem is the strength of the words. Despite of this, it can be seen, for example, in the third line a metaphor: half broken-hearted; the poet is expressing us how he and his lover feel when they are two parted. Another striking thing found in the poem is the second part of the fourth stanza. It is the only stanza which repeats the rhyme of other verses and not just the rhyme, but the word itself. E.g. (4) To sever for years/ (30)After long years. If we pay attention, there is also a correspondence of meaning, in the first stanza Byron is telling they are going to sever for years and in the last stanza he is thinking of what he will do when they remeet. With the other two verses is the same, at the first part: (2)In silence and tears is how they react when they are two parted, and in the last part of the poem: (32)With silence and tears is how he is going to have to greet her since they did not meet. COMMENTARY The poem, as I said before, is divided in four stanzas, and each stanza talks about different visions of this love separation. On the whole, the poem is all the time giving the feeling of the pain that the poet has due to the separation of the two lovers; what we cannot know is if the separation is because of death or maybe because she split up with him. In the first stanza the poet begins with the main topic, remembering the separation of the two lovers, how they felt: half broken-hearted , showing his pain. Also he expresses the idea of what we think that this separation is due to the death of his lover with the metaphor of : Pale grew thy cheek and cold,/colder thy kiss. All that sorrounds her is cold, and this cold is a perfect form to express the death in contrast with the warm involving the life. Following with the poem, in the second stanza it can be found the relation of colder morning with the pain that the poet is feeling. Also another time we can see that his lover is dead: thy vows are all broken. Then, it follow with the shame that feels the poet when he hears her name; maybe shame because their relation was a sin. This idea will be developed later with some comments of people that she was a married woman. The third stanza contains strong vocabulary showing again that she is dead: A knell to mine ear; A shudder comes oer me.These two verses remain to the sounds of the bells of a funeral, using the appropriated word Knell. Also he asked himself why he loved her so, and people who knew her well do not know any relation between them. Maybe that people who knew her well could be her family and husband. At the last stanza the poet is remembering when they met and transmits us a feeling of hope: If I should meet thee. Maybe life exists before death and they can reopen their love, and the poet also tell us how they greet: With silence and tears. Some researches say that the person who was addressed this poem is Lady Frances Webster (married woman) and a last stanza was left out to keep the identity of the woman a secret. It was discover when Byron wrote a letter to his cousin Lady Hardy giving her of the last stanza: Then fare thee well Fanny Now doubly undone To prove false unto many As faithless to One Thou art past all recalling Even would I recall For the woman once falling Forever must fall. (3) RELATION OF THE POEM WITH THE HISTORICAL MOMENT When we two parted is included in the historical movement of Romanticism which is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated around the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.(4) i[1]During the 19th century Britain was transformed by the Industrial Revelution. Maybe this poem has nothing of realtion with these transformations, but if we consider that in these times people had to work a lot and maybe the husband of Lady Webster spent a lot of time doing business, she probably had more freedom and she felt alone and the solution was to find a lover. Moreover, unfaithfulness is a topic of all the times and the separation of two lovers due to death or for something else happens then, now and after. For that reason we can consider that this poem of pain is a poem for all the times. RELATION OF THE POEM WITH TODAY As I said before, this poem perfectly can be described for people of nowadays, due to Byron expresses wonderfully what people feel when the person they love splits up with them or dies. This is a feeling of all the epochs and centuries, the loneliness and pain provoked by the missing of the person who loves. The poet has also a relation with today, Byron has returned as a figure of great consequence, this is an historical fate to be welcomed. Now he is more appreciated than in his times, because unless in his time he was famous, he was perjudicated by his type of life, having problems with alcohol and women. But now he was recognised as one of the most representative writers of the Romanticism.

Oliver Sackss The Man who Mistook his Wife for a Hat Essay -- Oliver

Oliver Sacks's The Man who Mistook his Wife for a Hat As a child, I watched Alfred Hitchcock Theater, The Twilight Zone and other science fiction or horror shows. Often times the storyline was based on a victim's mental problems or their skewed perception of the world. Looking back, I remember the fascination I felt when watching one specific episode of the Twillight Zone. In this particular episode, a man turned into a zombie by some type of poison. Essentially he was still alive, but he was dead to the world. In the end he was embalmed while he was completely conscious yet could not say anything to prevent it. Like this incident, every episode captivated me but when it was over I could sleep easy because there was no possibility of any of it happening. Oliver Sacks disrupts my childhood understanding of what is plausible and what is not in the real world. In his Book, The Man Who mistook his Wife for a Hat, Sacks compiles a group of stories that appeal to the curiosity and compassion of a young boy through his close look at human expe riences in the eyes of science, medicine and new technology. The chapters discussing 'Losses'; and 'Transports'; sparked my interest the most. The first story that caught my attention was about the sixty year old Madeline J. who was suffers from being 'congenitally blind'; and has 'cerebral palsy';(Sack 59). She was a very bright and intelligent woman that gained all her knowledge and learning from listening to books and from talking to people. She had never learned Braille because her hands were 'Useless godforsaken lumps of dough†¦'; Through simple tests, Sacks discovered that her hand recognized light touches, pain, and temperature. All basic sensations and perceptions were in tact. However, when objects were placed in her hands, she could not identify them. She did not try to search and explore the object; 'there were no active 'interogatory' movements of here hands. Sacks concluded that her hands were fine functionally; she did not know they were there. Madeline had to discover her hands and make the neural connection before she woul d be able to use them (Sacks 59-61). In an effort to get Madeline to use her hands, he asked her nurses to put her food slightly out of reach and leave the room on occasions. Sacks hope that due to the hunger, she would reach out for the food and use her hands. One day 'impatie... ...Bhagawhandi's tumor was found in the frontal lobe. DNT have many intracortical nodules that vary in size. Its cells resemble 'well-differentiated oligodendroglioma';. However the cells are often found in clusters and other intricate shapes. Because of the tumor the 'adjacent cerebral cortex often exhibits cortical dysphasia with disturbed lamination and disarray in architecture (Final). Oliver Sacks does an excellent job of writing about that appeals to all walks of life and a diverse set of cultures. He translates topics that would take a doctorate degree to understand and presents it in a way that is entertaining and a joy to read. In the story of the blind sculptress he gives us hope, feeds our curiosity with the phantom finger, and finally touches our heart in our trip with the Indian girl back home. Works Cited Carlson, Neil R. Foundations of Physiological Psychology. Allyn and Bacon. London. 1999. 'Case Eight - Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor';. http://www.uhrad.com/mriarc/mri008.htm 'Introduction to Cerebral Palsy';. http://www.islandnet.com/~aclemens/intro2.htm Sacks, Oliver. The Man who Mistook his Wife for a Hat. Touchstone Book. New York. 1985.

“A change in my life that has been for better”

Ten years ago, I married my beautiful wife and that was one of the best things that could ever happen to me. Marriage completely changed my life for the better and I am grateful for that.When I first came to the United States at the age of 14, with no parents with me except one sister I was alone. Overwhelming with her own responsibilities, my sister could not care for me, so I had to care for myself. That is one of the reasons why I was married at an early age of 22. Married to my wife changed me for better in many ways.Firstly, as my wife she cares for me in way which my mother would. For example, she washes my clothes for me, cooks for me and most basic things that my mother would have done for me in a regular basis.As a custom in my culture, when a man choosing a wife, she must be able to do everything that a mother would do for a son and more, such as prepare a good meal for the husband, make sure that he has clean clothes and be a shoulder for him to cry on if he need to. Anoth er thing a mother would do is to give advice when needed.Secondly, she loves me, because of her love I know what love is. I never knew real love before I met my wife. I never thought that I would be able to love or trust someone. She shows me that I was able to love and that completely changed my life certainly for the better.I feel free now that I know that someone loves and cares for me. She gives me hope to forward in life. She made me feel like all things are possible for me. That’s alone making me want to leave.Finally, her companionship is also as important.   Since were married I am never by myself except in school or unless we are at work. We have never spent a week away from each other. That is how much we love being together. She makes me feel safe when I am with her. I can remember vividly, we were having a conversation, and then she told me â€Å"you know Man, I am your protector, I was sent by God to protect you†.I also believe that being married saves m e from many diseases out there. Without being married, I probably would date as many women possible until I find the right one. Because now that I am married, I have to stay with one woman therefore, that saves me.Marriage could have both negative and positive effects on one’s life, but for me marriage was positively changed my life. I never imagine my life to be better except through marriage.

Islam Informative Speech Essay Example

Islam Informative Speech Essay Example Islam Informative Speech Essay Islam Informative Speech Essay Essay Topic: Informative Introduction: Are all Muslims terrorists? The Muslim Religion teaches people to love God and serve him without killing innocent people. I. Defining Islam Muslims A. What is Islam 1. Islam means submission to Allah (which is Arabic for God) 2. Followers (muslims) live by Qur’an a. believed to be verbatim word of God B. Who is Muslim 1. 1. 57 billion Muslims in world, 23% of world population a. 2nd largest religion fastest growing 2. Majority of muslims live in Asia Africa II. Beliefs A. Purpose of existence is to worship God 1. God is beyond all comprehension, don’t visualize God but worship adore him as the Protector B. Islamic holy books records what Muslims believe were dictated by God to various prophets 1. previous scriptures: Tawrat (Torah) an the Injil (gospels) became distorted by interpretation C. Angels (malak) means messenger 1. very important in islam 2. communicate revelations from God, glorify God, record peoples actions, take persons soul @ death D. 5 pillars of Islam 1. Sunni Islam a. God is 1 Muhammad is messenger of God b. pray 5xs a day c. Ramadan d. Give to poor e. pilgrimage to Mecca E. Food 1. only eat meat from a herbivorous animal slaughtered in name of God by a Muslim, Jew or Christian, also known as halal food 2. use right hand for eating and drinking 3. prohibited to eat pork, blood, and drink alcohol III. Closing A. Islam is a major world religion that continues to grow B. There is only one God and he is to be worshipped by following the holy books prophets C. It’s not evil religion, different peoples interpretations make it good or bad

Sleep and Daughter Hailey Amaya Essay

Sleep and Daughter Hailey Amaya Essay Sleep and Daughter Hailey Amaya Essay Being A Mother We are who we are by many things and reasons. We sometimes wonder why some people are the way that they are, act and talk. And all that is determined by just one moment in their life that changed them for good. Some people may not understand those reasons, but we are the way that we are because of a moment that is very important to us. I am who I am from the first time I got to hold my 7 month, premature daughter. In that moment I realized that my life was turning upside down and I had to fight and do everything I could in my power for her. It started on January 22 at 9 am. When I woke up and was alarmed by my bed being wet I woke up my boyfriend and showed him what happened. At that moment I was rushed to the hospital because my water had broken. I was checked in and put in a bed. The doctor came and checked me she said I was 4 cm dilated but had a long way to go. The nurses would just walk around my room without asking anything. No one was allowed in my room yet, so I was dying of boredom without even a TV. Until I was finally changed into another room around 7pm. I still had nothing to eat until the nurse said it was ok. My mother, sister and boyfriend were all there with me and as a pregnant hungry woman, they didn’t hesitate to buy me food from McDonald’s. But sadly once I had the first fry I started to feel my contractions. All day long I hadn’t felt any pain until then, the nurses all came in a rush. The nurse said that I was in active labor therefore I had to be changed back to my previous room. I was thinking to myself â€Å"How could this happen by just eating one fry?† I then realized that the moment to meet my daughter was getting closer and closer, yet to me it still didn’t feel real. I was scared and excited at the same time. Scared because she was going to be premature by almost 2 months and that could cause her problems. But also excited to finally meet her, hold her in my arms and see her beautiful face. After I was taken to my previous room I had started having contractions really bad. I was in so much pain that I could no longer take it. The pain was horrible like someone sticking me with a million needles. Since I chose to do a natural child birth. I went to sleep to ease the pain from my mind. My boyfriend was rubbing my back to help me relax and it helped. Yet I kept waking up, I slept until 11pm came and I couldn’t sleep away the pain any longer. At that moment I was going crazy and was screaming â€Å"Give me the drugs!† at the top of my lungs, just as people in movies do. Then the nurse said that there was no need for the drugs I was done, and had to just push enough. The time went fast and I was really excited that I forgot all about the pain. My boyfriend was there next to me happy as well. The doctor told me to push and my boyfriend started to count â€Å"1, 2, 3.† Until the nurse asked him if he wanted to see our daughter be born. He forgot all about counting and worried about our daughter. I thought to myself â€Å"Where did he go I can’t hear him anymore he’s suppose to be counting and helping me breath.† But I worried more about pushing until they said â€Å"She’s finally here† with so much excitement. Since she was premature they didn’t even let me see

Does the 'family'still serve society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Does the 'family'still serve society - Essay Example In years past one thought of the traditional family as one where only one parent worked outside the home, and in that way their service to society was in the father providing solely for his family. As the composition of the family unit has changed since the 1950’s, so have the ways in which families regard their contributions to society. In spite of the changes in families over the years, some things have not changed. No matter what the structure of the family unit, the same societal expectations exist as always. It is still expected that a family, traditional or non-traditional, will have someone within the structure who will take on the financial responsibility of providing for the family unit. The fact that 18% of children under the age of 18 are living in a household with only one parent doesn’t change the role of that family unit. Society, as a whole, has changed the way the family unit is conceived, and it is no longer seen as the two-parent, one-breadwinner famil y of the past. It is predicted that the trend of modern vs. traditional families will continue throughout the 21st Century. This switch does not mean that families will no longer be together to do family things or that there will no longer be a role model for the children, but rather simply that the structure of the family unit will not be the same as in the 1950’s and earlier. The change in family structure means nothing more than the home may not be headed by the father of the children but may be headed by the mother, another relative, or in the case of a gay/lesbian relationship, one of the partners. Does this reduce the service they provide to society? Not by any means, it does no more that reallocate the distribution of that service from the traditional family breadwinner to another member of the family unit. In the case of a couple, married or not, who have ended the

Strategic Management (M&S strategic analysis) Essay

Strategic Management (M&S strategic analysis) - Essay Example To maintain this, the company needs to develop a strategy that will take into consideration all the factors that might affect the sales of the company (Prince, M. 2012, 23). The aim of this essay is to determine all the factors that might affect the sales of each of the products of Marks and Spencer and come up with the most relevant strategy to help the company reach its goal. In an institution that relies on the will of a customer in a big part like Marks and Spencer, it would be prudent to have a plan that takes into consideration most of the needs of the customer (Worth, R. 2007, 62). This is just one of the needs that the company should take into consideration. For maximum productivity, the company must evaluate each of the PESTEL factors. This is to avoid being in trouble with the administration and other bodies. The company should make sure that its waste is not harmful to the environment. A big company like Marks and Spencer could easily bring catastrophic damages to the environment. The fact that it is widely over Europe, which makes it very visible, and the public is very conscious of what they do. If the company started destroying the environment, it would be seen by everyone, and this would lead to them loosing the trust and love of the customer (Marketing Society. 2009, 15). The company should also take into consideration the international tie s between the various countries that they operate in. It should follow the rules of the country to the latter. The other issue that the company should consider is how they treat their staff. A general well treatment of the members of a certain company brings a general improvement of output among the workers. This, in return, is beneficial to the company since they get products of better quality. The company should also take into huge consideration their competitors and the range of services that they offer.

Pancreatitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pancreatitis - Essay Example In serious cases, acute pancreatitis leads to bleeding into glands as well as tissue damage. It leads also not only to cyst formation, but also to infection. Severe pancreatitis has also the potential of harming other essential organs like the heart, kidneys and lungs. According to Digestive Disorders Health Center, â€Å"chronic pancreatitis is long-lasting inflammation of the pancreas† (Digestive Disorders Health Center 1). In most occasions it results from acute pancreatitis. Heavy consumption of alcohol has also been associated with its causation. Damage to the pancreas as a result of heavy consumption of alcohol occasionally leads to no symptoms for many years. However, the victim of heavy consumption of alcohol may develop serious pancreatic symptoms. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis include nausea and vomiting, fever, and increased heart rate. The disease also leads to upper abdominal pain that spreads to the back as well as swollen and tender abdomen. The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis include all symptoms of acute pancreatitis in addition to weight loss as a result of malabsorption and diabetes if the cells involved in producing insulin are destroyed (Buchler 108). Treatment for acute pancreatitis obliges one to spend some days in hospital in order to access intravenous (IV) fluids, medication for relieving pain, and antibiotics. During the healing process, an individual is required not to eat in order to allow the pancreas to rest. Performance of Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography aid in the healing of chronic pancreatitis; it enhances the admission of sphincterotomy, gallstone removal, stent placement, and balloon

The Tyger Symbol Analysis Essay Example for Free

The Tyger Symbol Analysis Essay The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary, or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities. Line 7: â€Å"Wings† are what the creator uses to aspire to the creation of the Tyger. Essentially, they are the power or inspiration that allows the creator to dare go about the task of creating the Tyger. Smith Tools (Hammer, chain, furnace, anvil) Stanza 4: In the poem, these tools make up an extended metaphor of the creator and his creation of the Tyger. A blacksmith uses these tools to make objects out of super-hot metal. The word forge – to create orform – is a smith term as well as another name for a smith’s furnace. The smith reference also ties into all the fire imagery associated with the Tyger, and heightens the energy and danger of the Tyger’s creation. If you don’t think forging metal is hot or dangerous, you might want to visit even a modern-day steel mill. Line 20: When you read the word lamb, always first think: symbol of Jesus Christ (the Lamb of God). As the tradition holds, animals such as lambs were sacrificed to God or gods in general until God offered his Son, Jesus Christ – his lamb – as the final sacrifice for the sins of mankind. In line 20, Blake references a version of Christianity that states that God created Jesus. Blake asks whether God, who created Jesus, also created the Tyger. Also, don’t forget that The Lamb is the title of another poem by Blake, from the Songs of Innocence. The body parts referenced in this poem – hands, eyes, shoulders, and feet – are examples of synecdoche. Synecdoche is when a part of something is used to refer to the whole thing. For example, when someone yells All hands on deck! he doesn’t actually mean that he wants a bunch of severed hands on the deck; rather, he wants the people and their hands to help with the ship. So, the phrase immortal hand references the whole being or person that the hand belongs to, while at the same time focusing on the hands as the means of creation. The eye is representative of the whole body and person, but lso focuses our attention on the faculty of sight. Also, by including only parts of the creator in the actually poem, Blake contributes to the mystery of who or what he actually is. It’s like having only a few extreme close-ups of a person: you can see the hands, shoulder, feet, and eyes, but you cant see the whole package, and that means you cant even tell who youre looking at. The fire serves multiple purposes as an extended metaphor. First, it’s often associated with the Tyger, which contributes to the Tyger’s ferocity and sublimity (the fact it’s big, powerful, and mysterious). Fire is also a source of energy, and since the Tyger seems to be filled with fire, then he must also be filled with energy. In another sense, the fire of the smith’s furnace is the fire of creation, the means by which the Tyger was formed. Setting An abstract setting; Forests of the night and distant deeps or skies The settings of â€Å"The Tyger,† or at least the worlds this poem seems to conjure up, are extremely varied. In general, though, it takes place in the abstract, without much more than Forests of the night, and distant deeps or skies, to give the reader any sense of location. However, the lack of a concrete setting is just as important as the presence. Think of watching a play in a theatre in which the whole stage is dark except for one spotlight. There is no setting in the sense of it taking place in a house or in a field – it’s abstract. The most important quality, then, is that it has no obvious setting, just like the poem. Blake has placed the spotlight on the Tyger, but where it is, or where the speaker is, are not part of the equation. Leaving the setting fluid keeps the themes fluid and abstract as well. It also highlights what setting is there, if fairly vague. The forests of the night are dark and mysterious, cloaking and hiding the fiery symbol of the Tyger. The distant deeps or skies bring to mind the notions of Hell being underground and Heaven being in the sky. Since the Tyger may have been created in either Hell (deeps) or Heaven (skies), it remains ambiguous as to whether the Tyger is good or bad. Regardless, it would seem to us that being in the forests of the night with a fearful, burning Tyger on the loose, is scary, whether abstract or not.

The Underground Railroad :: essays research papers

The Underground Railroad One of the most shameful periods in history was the institution of slavery in the nineteenth century 2. Slavery was a divided issue in the 1800’s. Most slaves brought to America were known as low class people who could bring no good, but history fails to state that many of the slaves who came were people of many trades, ambitions, as well as determinations. The Underground Railroad had its earliest beginnings with runaway slaves fleeing from the Southern United States into Canada. By confronting human bondage without direct demands or violence, the Underground Railroad played a definite role in the destruction of slavery. The Underground Railroad was a term used to describe a network of people who helped escaped slaves on their way to freedom. Supposedly, the term Underground Railroad originated when an enslaved runaway, Tice Davids, fled from Kentucky and may have taken refuge with John Rankin, a White abolitionist, in Ripley, Ohio. Determined to retrieve his property, the owner chased Davids to the Ohio River, but Davids suddenly disappeared without a trace, leaving his owner confused and wondering if the slave had "gone off on some underground road." The Railroad was begun as a result of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 2. The Fugitive Slave Act demanded that if an escaped slave was sighted, he or she must be turned in and sent back to the rightful owner 2. The Nation grew divided on the slavery question. The Fugitive Slave Law called for the return of bonded and indentured runaways, as well as freed African Americans. This threatened the protection of the freed slaves. Many North American indentured slaves were freed after they had served their time after five to seven years 6. Most runaways were males, however women and children did escape. Their numbers were smaller because they were more likely to be captured. Yet, The Underground Railroad became the most dramatic protest action against slavery in United States history 2. The Railroad helped escaped slaves make their way from the Southern states through the northern states, into freedom. The Underground Railroad was operating in America, yet it was not a railroad and was not underground. This â€Å"railroad† was for blacks escaping from slavery in the South. They were escaping to the free North, and to Canada where there was no slavery at all. The Underground Railroad lacked in formal organization, relying on individuals or various groups. The Underground Railroad :: essays research papers The Underground Railroad One of the most shameful periods in history was the institution of slavery in the nineteenth century 2. Slavery was a divided issue in the 1800’s. Most slaves brought to America were known as low class people who could bring no good, but history fails to state that many of the slaves who came were people of many trades, ambitions, as well as determinations. The Underground Railroad had its earliest beginnings with runaway slaves fleeing from the Southern United States into Canada. By confronting human bondage without direct demands or violence, the Underground Railroad played a definite role in the destruction of slavery. The Underground Railroad was a term used to describe a network of people who helped escaped slaves on their way to freedom. Supposedly, the term Underground Railroad originated when an enslaved runaway, Tice Davids, fled from Kentucky and may have taken refuge with John Rankin, a White abolitionist, in Ripley, Ohio. Determined to retrieve his property, the owner chased Davids to the Ohio River, but Davids suddenly disappeared without a trace, leaving his owner confused and wondering if the slave had "gone off on some underground road." The Railroad was begun as a result of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 2. The Fugitive Slave Act demanded that if an escaped slave was sighted, he or she must be turned in and sent back to the rightful owner 2. The Nation grew divided on the slavery question. The Fugitive Slave Law called for the return of bonded and indentured runaways, as well as freed African Americans. This threatened the protection of the freed slaves. Many North American indentured slaves were freed after they had served their time after five to seven years 6. Most runaways were males, however women and children did escape. Their numbers were smaller because they were more likely to be captured. Yet, The Underground Railroad became the most dramatic protest action against slavery in United States history 2. The Railroad helped escaped slaves make their way from the Southern states through the northern states, into freedom. The Underground Railroad was operating in America, yet it was not a railroad and was not underground. This â€Å"railroad† was for blacks escaping from slavery in the South. They were escaping to the free North, and to Canada where there was no slavery at all. The Underground Railroad lacked in formal organization, relying on individuals or various groups.

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay

Reread the story â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.† Think carefully about the following questions. They will help guide your reading and thinking about the story. Answer the questions in a thoughtful manner using complete sentences. 1.What is Peyton Farquhar’s occupation? Farquhar is a Southern slave owner who adores and tries to help the Confederate Army. 2.Why is he not a soldier, officer, or part of the army? He is not a soldier, officer, or part of the army because of circumstances of which are unknown. 3.How much time actually elapses between the opening and closing lines of Part III? Only a few minutes pass by between the opening and closing lines of Part III. 4.Describe the setting at the opening of the story. In the beginning of the story Farquhar is standing on a railroad above water with his hands bound with rope and a noose around his neck. There are two soldiers from the Northern Army, a sergeant, and a captain surrounds him. 5.Describe Peyton Farquhar’s last thoughts. Farquhar’s last thoughts are about escaping the execution and hail of bullets and go visit his family and wife. His wife was the last thought in his mind before he died from the execution. 6.Identify and describe the sound that disturbs the thoughts going through his mind. The sound that Farquhar hears is the amplified sound of the metallic clink of his watch disturbs his thoughts. 7.In the flashback of the story’s second section, who visits Peyton Farquhar? A Northern soldier comes to visit Farquhar at his home. 8.What plan does Farquhar conceive as a result of this visit? The Northern soldier is in disguise as a Confederate and informs Farquhar that he could easily set fire to the driftwood by the bridge. Farquhar accepts this idea. 9.What does Farquhar imagine in the story’s last section? Farquhar imagines that he walks back home and admire the landscape and is eager to return home. His wife comes to meet him but then a white light and silence engulf him with his death. 10.Ironically, what is his real fate? His real fate is death, but he imagines life while death proceeds him. 11.Summarize what you think this story reveals about the psychology of a person in a life or death situation. I think that in a life or death situation a person thinks about who they love and really embrace it. They think about the good and long so bad for life. 12.How does Bierce prepare us for the final outcome of the story? Bierce prepares the audience for the end of the story by setting up the beginning to be reality and then has flashbacks through out to reveal the irony in the end. 13.Do you think the writer tries to enlist your sympathies toward either the Union or Confederate side? Or, does the story seem more focused on a more general theme about the nature of war? Cite details from the story to support your answer. I think that the writer tries to earn your sympathy for the Confederates by describing how the Union posed as a Confederate to trick Farquhar which ultimately leads to his death. Also the writer tries to make Farquhar out to be in a way innocent and patriotic for his country and his Southern Army. There are mostly negatives about the Union in this story which makes the Confederates out to be good.

Ethics of stem cell research Essay

The employment of human embryonic stem cells is a significant breakthrough in the filed of biomedical research. The capability to isolate, culture, harvest and manipulate stem cells presents a huge potential to generate new cells that will technically replace non-functional or degenerate cells in a patient’s body. Such revolutionary technology may possibly serve as a new treatment method for incurable and debilitating diseases. Amidst the excitement within the scientific world for the promises stem cell research brings, there is a growing debate on the ethics that are associated with this novel technology. The collection and manipulation of embryonic stem cells in the laboratory is dependent on the destruction of embryos. Such procurement of biological material therefore warrants the termination of an embryo which directly represents the very beginning of a human being (Robertson, 1999; Leies, 2005). Society has thus questioned whether the scientific world has ignored the absolute value of life in exchange for excellence in biomedical research. In a newspaper article from the Washington post entitled â€Å"Clash over stem cell research heats up,† Rick Weiss (2006) describes how stem cell research is perceived by two sides of the issue. Both sides have aggressively used the media in helping them air out their concerns and excitement, respectively, over the use of embryonic stem cells. The newspaper article was written and published a few days before the Senate would meet to determine the fate of embryonic stem cell research in the United States. The stem cell research bill was initially reviewed in 2001 and indicated that research efforts on embryonic stem cells in the United States will not be funded due to ethical reasons. This new bill will thus take control of the 2001 restriction and will therefore allow funding of research programs on embryonic stem cells that have been created as of August 2001. The bill aims to preserve and protect human embryos from their destruction, yet several scientific groups have claimed that this restriction has hampered their research efforts on regenerative medicine, and has also resulted in the lag of research output. More importantly, other countries that are not restricted from performing embryonic stem cell research have gained a 5-years’ worth of research advantage over the United States. The controversy regarding the ethical issues of embryonic stem cell research impacts the entire human population. Each individual in the society has a susceptibility to contract a disease that might possibly need the use of stem cells that can replace defective ones in the body. We have heard of a number of public figures that have suffered from diseases that could have been resolved through the use of embryonic stem cells. The late former President Ronal Reagan suffered from Alzheimer’s disease and the late actor Christopher Reeve experienced spinal cord injury. Both of these individuals are prime examples of people who could have benefited from the results of embryonic stem cell research. Stem cells may be cultured and manipulated to differentiate into specific types of cells such as astrocytes or brain cells for Alzheimer’s patients, and neural cells for patients with spinal cord injury (Snow, 2003). However, nothing has been done since 2001 because the federal government has put a hold on any research activities that involves stem cell manipulation and experimentation. A solution to current debate on the ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cell research is the comprehensive explanation of the definition of embryonic stem cells. It is imperative that the non-scientific public understand the principles and techniques behind the generation of embryonic stem cells. It is also important that the public know that harvesting embryonic stem cells is not much different from abortion. It is also essential to understand that the body of a human female biologically destroys or discards hundred of eggs cells through the natural course. The scientific group, in turn, should be patient enough to explain the area of embryonic stem cell research. I think that the ethical debate on the use of embryonic stem cells for research originates mainly from the miscommunication, misunderstanding and misrepresentation of the concept of embryonic stem cells. In addition, the public only relies on the information that is released by senators and stem cell research activists, who have actually distorted the concept of stem cell research. Should the scientific world be humble enough to example the basics of stem cell research, including the misnomers and benefits of the research, the ethical debate on this issue would decrease and might even vanish. The debate on the ethical issues of stem cell research is just one of several topics that have been under intense scrutiny by the public eye. Other issues of human concern include the employment of genetically modified organisms (GMO), organic foods, genetic engineering and biotechnology. It should be known that these technological innovations were basically created to improve the quality of life and not to destroy existing life forms. Everything that interacts with human beings has its benefits and disadvantages, yet these biomedical breakthroughs are the usual focus of attention of the public. However, if we weigh the benefits and risks of stem cell research, we will realize that the benefits of stem cell research far outweighs the disadvantages that may result from the use of this technology. We should always remember that decades ago, so many lives were lost from bacterial infection because antibiotics were not discovered yet. Today, antibiotics are a common treatment regime for bacterial infections, which is a huge benefit to human health, but it also has resulting in the creation of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. The same setting may also be observed in terms of stem cell research, but we should intelligently consider both sides of the technology.

Macintosh vs. IBM essays

Macintosh vs. IBM essays The IBM and Macintosh computers have been in competition with each other for years, and each of them have their strong points. They both had their own ideas about where they should go in the personal computer market. They also had many developments, which propelled themselves over the other. It all started when Thomas John Watson became president of Computing Tabulating Recording in 1914, and in 1924 he renamed it to International Business Machines Corporation. He eventually widened the company lines to include electronic computers, which was extremely new in those days. In 1975 IBM introduced their first personal computer (PC) which was called the Model 5100. It carried a price tag of about $9,000 which caused it to be out of the main stream of personal computers, even though their first computer did not get off to as big as a start they had hoped it did not stop them from continuing on. Later on IBM teamed up with Microsoft to create an operating system to run their new computers, because their software division was not able to meet a deadline. They also teamed up with Intel to supply its chips for the first IBM personal computer. When the personal computer hit the market it was a major hit and IBM became a strong power in electronic computers. Phoenix Technologies went through published documentation to figure out the internal operating system (BIOS) in the IBM. In turn, they designed a BIOS of their own which could be used with IBM computers. It stood up in courts and now with a non IBM BIOS, the clone was created. Many manufacturers jumped in and started making their own IBM Compatible computers, and IBM eventually lost a big share in the desktop While IBM was just getting started in the personal computer market, Apple was also just getting on its feet. It was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976. They were both college drop outs, Steve Jobs out of Reed Col...